TOBACCO USE essays

TOBACCO USE essays In 1492 native Indians were smoking rolled up tobacco leaves. In the 16th century tobacco smoking spread to Europe. By the late 1800 tobacco tolled in paper called cigarettes were a major industry with billions being sold each year. Today there are many products that contain tobacco. Cigarettes and snuff are the most popular on the market. Cigarettes consist of tobacco rolled in papers that are flavored, and some with filters. Snuff that consists of thinly shredded raw tobacco air packed in containers to chew. Many leaders of the tobacco industry have yet to state that tobacco is an addicting drug. But in society today it is very convenient to purchase tobacco. With cigarettes a person can puff and inhale their lungs with smoke, and snuff a person must place in their mouths between your bottom lip and gum. Both are ingested into your bloodstream and can affect your body in different ways. Both uses of tobacco create oral fixation to the users. Such oral fixations are so controlling they can damage your body. With cigarettes it affects your lungs and throat. With snuff it affects your mouth, gums and throat. Both can cause bad breath. Both can stain your fingers and teeth the color yellow. Both can cause early ageing. Cigarette smoking can lead to cancer in many parts of the body, but not surprisingly most of the damage it does to the lungs. Chewing tobacco can lead to cancer of the lips and mouth. Most cigarette smokes would like to believe they could protect themselves from cancer just by using a holder or by switching to filter-tipped cigarrettes, cigar or a pipe. Unfortunately they cant. Chewing tobacco is even worse. The users of this believe that just because they are not inhaling it that they are safe as well. They are not. Two choices of tobacco use you inhale smoke or chew tobacco the effects are still severe. Both can cause disfigurement to the face, throat, and lu ...

Free Essays on Philippine Structural Analysis

Structural Diagram An Analysis 1. How do the laws affect the process of production, ownership of land, factories, etc? -Majority of the dominant classes are themselves the leader, or if not, closely associated with the leaders of the state since they are the ones who have the capacity to pressure the government through their taxes. The state is very considerate with the dominant class because of the economic sanctions that the dominant class may provide. Because of this, the state leaders, who wanted to please the dominant class, would provide them the laws that would cater their best interest on the process of production, ownership of land and factories. Case: the land reform program that was instigated by President Aquino was one among the best examples that could demonstrate how the laws affect the process of production, ownership of land and factories. Specifically, the land reform program of the â€Å"Hacienda Luisita† in Tarlac created an ironic picture of a law that was geared to distribute lands evenly to the thousands of tenants who, for decades of farming, never had a land to till. Instead, the land reform law was left half made making dominant families to cater the law according to their want shares and interest. In Hacienda Luisita, (the Cojuanco’s family), President Aquino divided the Hacienda Luisita to her own relatives instead of her tenants. 2. What laws are made that affect values and their transmission through schools, media? -The laws that are made to affect values and their transmission through schools, media, etc are products of concerted efforts to condition the individual consciousness to eventually legitimize the laws that were passed in accordance with the interest of the dominant classes. Case: The congressional commission on education, for example, provided an imperatus for congress to pass RA7722 and RA7796 in 1994 creating the CHED and TESDA. These two commi... Free Essays on Philippine Structural Analysis Free Essays on Philippine Structural Analysis Structural Diagram An Analysis 1. How do the laws affect the process of production, ownership of land, factories, etc? -Majority of the dominant classes are themselves the leader, or if not, closely associated with the leaders of the state since they are the ones who have the capacity to pressure the government through their taxes. The state is very considerate with the dominant class because of the economic sanctions that the dominant class may provide. Because of this, the state leaders, who wanted to please the dominant class, would provide them the laws that would cater their best interest on the process of production, ownership of land and factories. Case: the land reform program that was instigated by President Aquino was one among the best examples that could demonstrate how the laws affect the process of production, ownership of land and factories. Specifically, the land reform program of the â€Å"Hacienda Luisita† in Tarlac created an ironic picture of a law that was geared to distribute lands evenly to the thousands of tenants who, for decades of farming, never had a land to till. Instead, the land reform law was left half made making dominant families to cater the law according to their want shares and interest. In Hacienda Luisita, (the Cojuanco’s family), President Aquino divided the Hacienda Luisita to her own relatives instead of her tenants. 2. What laws are made that affect values and their transmission through schools, media? -The laws that are made to affect values and their transmission through schools, media, etc are products of concerted efforts to condition the individual consciousness to eventually legitimize the laws that were passed in accordance with the interest of the dominant classes. Case: The congressional commission on education, for example, provided an imperatus for congress to pass RA7722 and RA7796 in 1994 creating the CHED and TESDA. These two commi...

Marketing Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Principle - Essay Example There has been an extension in this marketing mix adding more elements to it. 3 Ps have been added to this traditional marketing mix. These Ps are: Physical Layout: Initially the physical appearance of the production unit prepared in the factories were not given much significance but now as the customers purchase a product from the retail store their expectation with the presentation of the product has increased. Provision of Customer Service: In the heart of the modern service industry lays customer service. The firms that serve their customers will succeed in gaining their loyalty. The firms need to give their best shot whether it be listening to the customers queries on phones or interacting with them face to face. â€Å"Have a nice day† approach works better than the â€Å"I don’t care† attitude of the firm’s employees that come in contact with the customers. Processes: There are a lot of processes related to customer services that make the marketing e ffective for any organization. These processes may include handling the complaints received by the customers, identifying the needs and requirements of the customers and the processes related to handling of the orders. Now the extended marketing mix involves Place, price, product, promotion, physical layout, processes and Provision of customer service. 1.1 In the relation of the "product" elements of the marketing mix, say how "Tip Top Accessories" product can be developed to sustain competitive advantage. The firm must try to position its product quite effectively among its target market. It must first understand the demand and then accordingly set the price of its product. Product differentiation is another aspect that must be kept in mind in order to fix the price of the product. Making the product attractive helps firm gaining more customers. Tip Top Accessories must develop effective promotional strategies in order to communicate their objective to the customers. (Marketing the ory, 2013). 1.2 Explain how appropriate distribution policies can provide convenience for Tip Top Accessories’ customers. The distribution policies of Tip Top Accessories should directly be associated with its marketing mix. The firm can exhibit its objectives through different activities. Several activities related to distribution such as in-store demonstration of a product, distributing samples and other can be a source of delivering the objective of the firm to its consumers and it is also convenient for the customers to judge the product based on its different features. It is also useful for the firm to arrange giveaways and sell products at a low price for at the initial stage of the launch of a product it can be quite effective strategy for a firm (CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION, 2013). 1.3 Explain how prices for "tip Top Accessories" product should be set to achieve the organization’s profit and growth objectives, bearing in mind market conditions.   The price strat egy of Tip Top Accessories must be related to its strength. Low price and product differentiation can be the critical elements in maximizing the profit of Tip Top accessories. Tip Top pricing must be based on the level of differentiation it is providing in its products. The higher the differentiation the higher the price set by the firm. Customers are willing to pay higher price for the product whose features are different from those of others. There are often times when the sales revenue of the

HR Law and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Law and Business - Essay Example An employer may not include preferences on age, limitations or specifications on age when making an advertisement for any job opening unless there is an express provision for age for the particular job under the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) principle.1 Therefore, the claim by Latino Lawrence High School that they were looking for â€Å"energetic† and â€Å"flexible† is discriminatory in nature and the school can be reported to law enforcement authorities. Rose Flanagan can report Latino Lawrence High School to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for investigations into her claim of discrimination based on age at the work place. At the EEOC, she must show intent of the employer to discriminate against her based on age at the work place or that the employer has on previous occasions discriminated against others based on age (Miller and Jentz, 2013). Once it is proven that she was wrongfully denied the job position due to discrimination against her age, Rose may be entitled to certain remedies against the employer. If she succeeds, she will be entitled to such remedies like back pay or front pay, hiring, promotion or reinstatement. In her present case, the most probable remedy would be to be hired as she was the most qualified amongst the applicants to the job. Moreover, in certain instances may be entitled to liquidated damages if it can be proven that Latino Lawrence High School willfully violated the provisions of ADEA or acted in a reckless manner in total disregard of the law. In the present instance, Rose who was more qualified will can report Latino Lawrence High School at the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) and obtain the remedies aforementioned. In the United States, it is illegal to discriminate against a person at the work place based on their sexual orientation whether homosexual or heterosexual. Therefore, the claim by Down Home Restaurant that they only employ those who demonstrate

Culturally Diverse Students Essay Example for Free

Culturally Diverse Students Essay Today our classrooms, just like families, are becoming more unique and blended. Teachers are tasked with effectively teaching students with disabilities and diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In order for educators to meet the needs of their students, key strategies must be implemented that will positively affect their students academically and behaviorally. This paper reflects on the experience of one of these families and identifies key strategies to maximize the potential of cultural and linguistically exceptional students. Background I was lucky enough to interview a family that I have worked with over the years as a nanny. For the purposes of this paper and the anonymity of the family I am using the names Lucy and Chris (to refer to the mother I interviewed and her husband) and James (to refer to the exceptional child). Because I have been working in this family’s home for a number of years I am able to give an accurate overview of their socioeconomic status. Lucy and Chris self-identify as African-American and live in San Pedro, CA where the population is 76,415 with 59% identifying as Caucasian and 8% identifying as African American. The town can be classified as predominately middle class as the median household income is $62,422 (City Data, 2011). Lucy completed some college and works full-time as a manager of a credit union. She lives in a three-bedroom house with her oldest son, her younger son, James, who is now 15, and her husband. James is a lively young man with autism who is on the moderate/severe side of the spectrum. He is an exceptional swimmer and participates in his high school general P. E. program. He struggles with social interactions and has very little expressive language. He has learned to use a GO TALK to communicate functionally. James is very sensitive to his environment and sometimes becomes overwhelmed by loud noises and crowded spaces. Autism affects 1:88 children and the prevalence is on the rise. It is the fastest growing developmental disability in the U. S. It is five times more likely for boys to have autism than girls. It is characterized by language delays, social delays, and repetitive patterns of behavior (Facts About ASD, 2012). Lucy knows that I am in the process of getting my special education credential and that my own family member has DS-ASD. When she was interviewing me for the nanny position years ago she was nervous and unsure about letting anybody come into her home. After I told her about my background and how much I have learned from my brother she began to open up and become more comfortable with me. She has since then told me how thankful she is for me and how nice it is to have someone that understands her son. Discovering and Reacting to Disability It all started in preschool school. The teacher kept telling Lucy, â€Å"I don’t think he can hear. † And Lucy kept saying, â€Å"He can hear just fine! † The teacher kept saying the same thing so finally she took him to the doctor. This experience supports the research on professionals in early education or elementary school programs being the parent’s initial source of information about their child’s special needs (Turnball et. Al, 2011, p. 77). Denial was the first phase in the process of Lucy learning to accept her son’s autism. Lucy also said other members of her family were in denial, including her husband and father. Her father told them they â€Å"were not disciplining him enough† on multiple occasions. She did not talk about any anger, bargaining, or depression phases before finding acceptance (The Grieving Process ppt, 2013). Lucy has immense inner strength that I truly admire. After a doctor diagnosed James, Lucy and Chris told their family and her mother pushed her to get extra support. Lucy tells me she probably wouldn’t have ever done gone for it if it weren’t for her mother because they have always worked for everything they had and lively comfortably and didn’t want to ask for help. A person’s culture may affect treatment decisions and is often associated with certain socioeconomic or geographical constraints related to accessing care† (Mandell Novak, 2005, p. 113). Reaching out for support was not something the family wanted to do and because they lived in San Pedro, accessing the right services often required traveling long distances. Educators must recognize the relationship between status and our society’s symbols of success (holding a job, having a place to live, and being independent). As an educated service provider, I am always caught off guard by a family’s hesitation about pursuing services (even my own family never sought out extra help). My professional experience has ingrained in me the importance of early intervention. Many â€Å"African-American families seek help from family, friends and church groups before they will get professional help for their child (Dyches et al. , 2004)† (Litten, 2008, p. 5). Lucy’s perspective and her mother’s reaction had both been influenced by her experience with her sister, who was developmentally delayed as well. She said her mother wished she had gone and gotten services for her. But when they were growing up, Lucy said, â€Å"It wasn’t something you did. Our family was poor. We did whatever we did to survive and both of my parents worked. † Educators need to keep the roles of culture, poverty, and historical perspectives in mind as we work with these families because they have an impact on the attitudes and behaviors of families with exceptional children. In Lucy’s family growing up, there was a lack of awareness about the availability of services. As educators, we must consider the lack of awareness and the socioeconomic factors that prevent certain families from taking advantage of the services that they are entitled to. We can’t expect them to advocate if they aren’t aware of what is available. We must take on this role. Teacher strategy #1: Fairness is When a Child Gets What He/She Needs Over the years, Lucy and James struggled with the school’s changing James’ placements. It wasn’t until she came to the school to observe him and found him sitting in a corner of the classroom, on a couch, rocking back and forth for hours with no attention or demands placed on him that she decided to pull him out of the district completely. During their search for a new junior high school they came across programs that were solely focused on vocational skills. Lucy and Chris felt their son had more important academic skills to obtain before teachers started teaching him how to get a job. They didn’t expect him to be a scholar, but they did want him to have access to general reading, writing, and math curriculum. Education, rather than life skills, was more of a priority for them. They added an inclusion goal in his next IEP. James would participate in general P. E. and math or computer class. According to Kathryn Pitten, â€Å"Cultural mores may determine which treatment goals families will accept and which goals they will decide not to work towards. Also, parenting style will determine which goals are viewed as important. † (Pitten, 2008, p. 4). Teachers must be responsible for developing a classroom program that fosters the understanding and respect for individual differences and discusses what fairness means to each student. Teacher strategy #2: Develop a Positive Collaboration Between Parents and Teachers Lucy admitted that she did not take an aggressive approach to getting James all of the supports he needed. Most of the things she learned she â€Å"stumbled upon† through conversations with other parents, teachers, and paraprofessionals (all of which have worked out in their favor). She believes she has done the best she can for her son. Once again, awareness was lacking and because of that this family did not get the support they needed until much later on. This is consistent with literature addressing service accessibility in that ethnic minorities typically access services at a much lower rate than their Caucasian counterparts (Balcazar, Keys, Balcazar, 2001). Learning how the school system could work for her son was a significant stressor for her. If educators embraced the full reality of the student’s and family’s life and committed to supporting emotional and academic needs (Turnball et. Al, 2011, p. 147) this could help to bridge the gap between home and school. Letting parents know that you believe in their child is sometimes all it takes to give your family’s hope. Teacher strategy #3: Implement Culturally Responsive Teaching Ford (2012) points out that African Americans are the only involuntary minority group. African Americans live in a society where race affects every aspect of their lives. â€Å"The overrepresentation of Black students in special education has been dissected, discussed, and debated† (Ford, 2012). We need to understand the negative effects racism has on our children and be sensitive to the history of previous schooling of exceptional students. Some Moderate/Severe students, like James, are moved from program to program (several times a year). Teachers need to understand that not all children in their classroom have learned the same things and they can’t be taught in the same environment at the same time. We need to differentiate and individualize our instruction by providing a wide range of materials and utilizing several learning strategies. School strategy # 4: Ensure Each Student Can Identify With Someone One of the best things to happen to James in his freshman year of high school was joining the â€Å"Big Brothers and Sisters† program in his local community. Having a role model; someone to look up to, relate with, and rely on has made such a meaningful impact on his life. Lucy reflected on the first time James was invited to watch the local football team; â€Å"His face lit up. He jumped up and down and couldn’t contain his excitement. † Teachers need to facilitate healthy inclusive relationships school-wide. It is our job to spread awareness about disability and help all students to become sensitive to the beauty of differences. Conclusion James’ family hopes that one day he will be able to live in a supported living community with roommates but like many families with exceptional members, the future is uncertain. Teachers need to take an active role in the transition planning process and remember that culturally diverse families do not have the same values as those of the dominant culture. (Turnball et. Al, 2011, p. 89). These families deserve our utmost respect and attention. Showing parents that you are interested in their story can lead to unexpected successes. In order to truly do our jobs we must make our professional story a part of their family story.

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? Essay -- Urbaniza

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? Over the past 20 years the 100 largest US urbanized areas have sprawled an additional 14,545 square miles according to the US Bureau of Census on Urbanized Areas. That was more than 9 million acres of natural habitats, farmland and other rural space that were covered over by asphalt, buildings and housing of suburbia. A major controversy in the efforts to halt the rural land loss is whether land-use and consumption decisions are the primary engines of urban sprawl, or whether it is the nation’s growing population boom that is providing the driving expansion. A good example of this rapid sprawl is the city of Chicago. It has had astonishing growth in the past years bringing about many new issues such as traffic congestion, surging housing markets, air pollution, loss of rural land and overcrowded schools. Through the redevelopment of existing cities like Chicago using methods like smart planning we can create livable areas, meet the needs of citizens and thus reduce the need fo r sprawl at the outer edge of existing cities. The main issues that will be covered are housing and human and social implications. The first issue is to define what sprawl is. There are many definitions of sprawl but the central component of most definitions seems to be this: Sprawl is the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land at the periphery of an urban area. This involves the conversion of open space (rural land) into built up, developed land over time. Organizations whose chief concerns involve urban planning goals may tend to emphasize qualitative attributes of sprawl, such as attractiveness, pedestrian-friendliness and compactness. But those who are ... ...y on the Sierra club sitehttp://www.crp.cornell.edu/faculty/pendall.htm taken from the Sierra Club site in the 1998 Chicago report. National Trust for Historic Preservation http://www.nationaltrust.org/ Weighing Sprawl Factors in large US Cities, http://www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Chicago Metro Case Study, http://www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Brownfield article, www.pollutionengineering.com/arcives/ Environmental Law and Policy Center, http://www.elpc.org/trans/visions/visions.htm William Cronon, Natures Metropolis, Copyright 1991, W.W. Norton and Company Inc., NY, NY. Planned Manufacturing article www.ncbg.org/tifhandbook/pmd.pdf Tax Increment Financing articles www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TaxIncrementFinancing.html www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TIF/Report.pdf

Doping in Sports is a Problem Essay

Doing steroids, which is known as doping, is a problem in sports that needs to be stopped and needs to be stopped fast. Ask anyone with a decent knowledge of sports and current events, and they will tell you: nearly every week, another high-profile doping story makes its way to the headlines of newspapers around the world. A quick Google News search for â€Å"doping† revealed over 7,500 results from the past week alone. The stories ranged from the lesser known 2 Youth Olympic Games Wrestlers who were recently suspended to the more famous 2010 Tour de France winner Alberto Contador’s positive test. This month, Brent Musburger (an ABC/ESPN sports commentator) told a group of students at University of Montana that steroids work. Musburger blamed â€Å"journalism youngsters† who â€Å"got too deeply involved in something they didn’t know too much about† for the negative image steroids and doping now have. He went on to say that steroids had no place in high school, but â€Å"under the proper care and doctor’s advice, they could be used at the professional level.† (Quotes take from the Missoulian article.) If you know me (or have been in a class with me), you know how I feel about doping in sports. In fact, anti-doping was one of the reasons I came to law school, and more specifically to Marquette. My view is that doping has no place in sport. The story of how I came to become so staunchly against doping is for another day (and perhaps a different venue), but basically involves my love for the sport of cycling and the systematic doping that plagues that sport. Suffice it to say that I take a firm stance against doping in all sports in all forms. It probably goes without saying that I could not disagree with Musburger more. Doping, least of all in the form of anabolic steroids, has no place in sports – amateur or professional. I think all anti-doping arguments come down to two basic principles, only one of which Musburger addresses in his blanket approval of steroid use in professional athletes. First, doping threatens the health of athletes. Musburger argues that with proper medical supervision, steroids can be healthy. While this might be true in some (and I would suggest limited) cases, it would certainly not be true in all cases. The use of steroids can have serious health repercussions, including affected liver, endocrine, and reproductive function, tumors of the liver and kidneys, heart conditions, and psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, the article just linked goes on to mention the increased probability of side effects when 1) steroids are used more than the recommended dose, 2) steroids are used in conjunction with other performance enhancing substances, and 3) counterfeit or tainted steroids are used. Legalizing steroid use would not solve these problems. The side effects listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (a part of the National Institute of Health) article are not restricted to improper use of steroids. I will not detail out the side effects of not only steroids, but also the use of hGH and EPO (often used in cycling), the NCBI does a nice job of listing those and providing citations to studies. Furthermore, the drive to win will always encourage athletes to take â€Å"just one more.† Sure, proper medical supervision would ensure that an athlete receives the proper dose from that doctor, but when that athlete fails to win the next race, game, or match, he or she is more likely to increase the dose or combine other methods of doping. Second, and unaddressed by Musburger, doping affects the integrity of sport. Sport is not about simply winning. The saying â€Å"It’s not about whether you win or lose, it’s how you played the game,† although clichà ©, is absolutely correct. The Olympic Movement identifies the Olympic spirit – mutual understanding, spirit of friendship, solidarity, and fair play – as fundamental to sport. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was founded on the principle that integrity of sport is fundamental to the spirit of sport, and that integrity is threatened by doping. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) division on anti-doping believes that â€Å"doping jeopardizes the moral and ethical basis of sport and the health of those involved in it.† The National Football League itself created its own steroid policy because steroid use threatens â€Å"the fairness and integrity of athletic competitionâ€Å" and †Å"sends the wrong message to young people who may be tempted to use them.† Sports are about competition on equal footing, with respect for the opponent, and with respect for the rules of the game. Permitting the use of steroids under proper medical supervision would threaten the fairness and integrity of the game. First, athletes who choose not to use steroids are at an unfair advantage – most will be unable to compete at the same level as athletes who are using steroids. Second, the integrity of the game is compromised because it is no longer about which athlete has the best skills or talent, it’s instead about which athlete has the best steroid cocktail or the money to buy the best steroids. Thus, steroid use is contrary to the spirit of sport – fairness, respect, and solidarity. The concept of mutual respect between competitors is thwarted when one (or both) athletes would rather use steroids to improve his or her performance than compete based on individual strength, skill, or talent. However, if health and integrity concerns aren’t enough to convince you, consider this final point. Law students, and indeed lawyers, are fond of the slippery slope argument. I think it finds a comfortable place in this debate. It’s a slippery slope between allowing steroid use with proper medical supervision and eliminating anti-doping regulations. Where is the line to be drawn? Will it now be illegal to use steroids only if taken without proper medical supervision? How can proper medical supervision be proven? How does an athlete prove that the steroids in his or her body were as a result of proper medical supervision and not other means? What about athletes who use more than the recommended dose? What about other forms of doping (hGh or EPO)? Are those next to be permitted under proper medical supervision? It’s difficult to see how regulating the use of steroids in sport is workable. The only way to preserve integrity in sport and protect the health of athletes is through a serious anti-doping approach. Anti-doping efforts are most successful when the â€Å"law† (anti-doping policy) sets forth clear, bright-line rules about when and what substances are prohibited. Although a long way from perfect, WADA has created the most comprehensive anti-doping program in the world (indeed the only anti-doping program most of the world outside of the US models and implements). American professional sports leagues should be looking at ways to model the WADA code in its own anti-doping policies (like the United States Anti-Doping Agency is doing), not seeking ways to excuse steroid use or compromise anti-doping efforts. Steroids have no place in sports.